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Diabetes Can Increase Risk of Heart Disease, 5 steps to Prevent The Same : Suggestion By Diabetologists In Vashi, Navi Mumbai | Dr. Vinod Methil
Diabetics in general have a higher risk of heart ailments. Studies have suggested that 60% of diabetic patients above the age of 65 years are at a risk of heart attack. Over the past few years we are increasingly seeing this in younger population. The central pathological mechanism in Heart disease is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is known to lead to coronary heart disease and cardiovascular events. With close to 70% mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes. The risk factors of CVD are age, obesity, tobacco use, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Diabetes itself is an independent risk factor of CVD.1
How does diabetes affect the heart?
People with diabetes (particularly type 2 Diabetes) frequently have many traditional risk factors for CVD, including central obesity, dyslipidaemia (high serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid levels and low high-density lipoprotein levels), and hypertension, the combination of which constitutes the metabolic syndrome. These factors, together with the independent risk factor of diabetes, can independently as well as cumulatively increase risk of CVD significantly over time. Hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, when combined with dyslipidaemia, hypertension and chronic inflammation, can damage blood vessels, resulting in macrovasculopathy and CVD in people with type 2 Diabetes
It has been shown that the risk of myocardial infarction (Heart attack) in people with diabetes is equivalent to the risk in nondiabetic patients who have already had a Heart attack.
Further evidence of the association between diabetes and CVD is provided by the observation that most patients with coronary heart disease have insulin resistance or frank diabetes.
Diabetes generally occurs due to insulin resistance in the body. This resistance can also lead to high blood pressure. It occurs because as the blood sugar level goes up, the body tries to compensate by increasing the insulin levels leading to hyperinsulinemia. Which leads to Atherosclerosis (blockage of the blood vessels. The diabetogenic lipid condition significantly increases the rate of cholesterol deposition in the blood vessels as compared to a non-diabetic. Which can occur anywhere in the body. However, preliminary symptoms can be seen in places where the blood vessels are relatively thin like the brain, heart, renal blood vessels or where the sources of blood supply is limited like the foot. However, due the increasing bad lifestyle, we are witnessing an increase in diabetes induced heart complications. This is increasingly being seen in younger diabetic patients.
Who is at a risk of severe diabetic heart complications:
Generally speaking, almost every diabetic patient who does not have his critical parameters in check is at a risk of severe diabetic heart condition. Nonetheless, patients who have a family history of heart condition have an increased risk of heart condition.
Early symptoms of heart ailments due to Diabetes:
Unlike a normal person who would have severe chest pain when having a heart attack; a diabetic patient may not experience similar pain. Hence, diabetes is known to be a silent killer However, there are some symptoms which could occur. Some early signs could be
- Breathless on minimal exertion & dizziness
- Heaviness in the chest
- Palpitations
How we at Sweet Clinic saved a patient form a heart attack
We had a 45 year old female patient who was diabetic with a high blood pressure but no cardiac history. She was on typical medication for controlling her diabetes and high blood pressure. She even did her regular medical check-ups. Nonetheless, in one of her regular diabetic check-ups she mentioned of breathlessness. Our Diabetologist; Dr. Vinod Methil, who is quite pedantic when it comes to such symptoms in his patients, immediately asked her to do a heart rate variability test (We being the only clinic in Navi Mumbai to offer such a test). The test result suggest that she might have Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN)a frequent but underdiagnosed complication of Diabetes. Following which she was referred to a heart specialist for an angiography. During angiography a heart block was identified and needed a stent to remove the block. This prompt action saved her form a potential heart attack and helped save her life too. All thanks to Dr. Vinod Methil and his team at Sweet clinics.
Steps to prevent diabetic heart complications:
Most diabetic patients only concentrate on blood sugar fasting & PP. They often ignore other critical parameters like cholesterol, lipids, creatinine etc. which can help prevent from diabetes induced complications. Hence, at Sweet clinics some of the preventing measures that we do with our patients include:
- First and foremost, one needs to bring the Blood sugar, Blood pressure & cholesterol in tight control.
It’s important to know that normal blood pressure in Diabetic patients is slightly lower than that of a regular person. For Diabetic and hypertensive individuals at higher cardiovascular risk (existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk >15%), a blood pressure target of <130/ 80 mmHg may be appropriate, if it can be safely attained.
- Similarly, the lipids & cholesterol need for Diabetics with no high blood pressure and LDL cholesterol of 100 milligrams per decilitre of blood is considered ok. However, if a Diabetic has already had a cardiac problem identified the LDL cholesterol should be less than 70 milligrams per decilitre of blood.
- In individuals with Diabetes having multiple atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors, it is reasonable to start with high-intensity statin therapy.
- For subjects who are unable to tolerate the intended intensity, the maximally tolerated statin dose should be considered.
- The above parameters need to be brought in control by using medications and bringing about lifestyle changes like controlling ones weight, employing healthy lifestyle like regular exercise and stop smoking while limiting or eliminating alcohol altogether.
- Source: https://www.sweetclinics.com/diabetes-can-increase-risk-of-heart-disease-5-steps-to-prevent-the-same/
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